Chapter 5 & 6 - Layout and Poster

What is Layout ?

The way in which the parts of something are arranged or laid out.The arrangement of type and visuals on a printed or digital page.Concerns the organization and arrangement of type and visuals on two-dimensional surfaces to create effective visual communication.

Layout entails several interrelated goals.

• To fit visual elements into a limited space
• To arrange them so that they are functional, unified, and easily accessible to the viewer
• To facilitate communication
• To create visual impact

Process

To solve any graphic design problem, a designer must conceive an idea and realize it visually. The designer must create, select, and organize visual elements to create effective communication.

Types of Layout

• Single page, such as a poster or a print advertisement 
• Multi-page designs, such as: books, magazines, newspapers, brochures, web sites, and annual reports

Multiple page design                                                                   Single page design

Designing a Layout with and without a Grid

When a designer has to maintain balance, emphasis, rhythm, and unity throughout a series of consecutive pages, most designers use grids.A grid is a guide to a modular com-positional structure made up of verticals and horizontals that divide a format into columns and margins.

Some designers do not utilize a grid for multi-page applications, instead they design a compositional structure, page by page.
     

         Without grid

         With Grid

What are Posters ?

A large printed picture, notice, or advertisement displayed in a public place: "a poster campaign". A poster is a two-dimensional, single-page format .Used to inform (impart information, data, schedules, or offerings).The purpose of any poster is to communicate a message. In order to communicate a message, first, a poster first must grab a viewer’s attention.

When designing a poster, you should consider some key component such as :

• Understanding the subject matter
• Ordering information so it can easily be gleaned
• Attracting the audience’s attention
• Keeping it long enough to communicate the information or message

Primary goals of poster design:

• Stop somebody. 
• Communicate a clear and easily understood message. 
• Create a design that can be seen from a distance.

Chapter 4 - Typography

What is Typography ?

The art or process of setting and arranging types and printing from them. It is also the design of letter forms and the arrangement of them in two-dimensional space (for print) and in space and time (for digital media). When creating a typography image you should consider the following.

Type Alignment

• Flush left/ragged right:  text that aligns on the left side and is uneven on the right side 
• Justified:  text that aligns on the left and right sides 
• Flush right/ragged left:  text that aligns on the right side and is uneven on the left side 
• Centered:  lines of type centered on an imaginary central vertical axis 
• Asymmetrical:  lines composed for asymmetrical balance and not conforming to a set, repetitive arrangement

Spacing

Letter spacing :

The space between letters

Word spacing :

The space between words

 
Line spacing :
The distance between lines of type

Letter-form
The particular style and form of each individual letter of our alphabet .Each letter of an alphabet has unique characteristics that must be preserved to retain the legibility of the symbols as representing sounds of speech. Used by designers in three primary forms:

• Calligraphy - Decorative handwriting or handwritten lettering 
• Lettering - The letters inscribed on something. 
• Typography

Typeface
The design of a single set of letter-forms, numerals, and signs unified by consistent visual properties.

• These properties create the essential character, which remains recognizable even if the face is modified by design. 

Type style

• Modifications in a typeface that create design variety while retaining the essential visual character of the face.

Chapter 3 - Fundamentals Of Graphics Design

Formal Elements 

The formal elements of art, also called the visual elements, are the basic units and the means artists use to create and design works of art.

Some formal elements are point, line, shape, space, value (light and dark), color and texture. With these simple elements an artist can create whole worlds of visual experience.

Line

Many paintings appear to contain no lines. Painted figures and objects have edges, however, and these are called contours or contour lines. Notice the vertical contours of the pillars, the horizontal and diagonal contour lines of the patterned floor and the many and varied curvilinear contours of the clothed figures.

 Many paintings appear to contain no lines. Painted figures and objects have edges, however, and these are called contours or contour lines. Notice the vertical contours of the pillars, the horizontal and diagonal contour lines of the patterned floor and the many and varied curvilinear contours of the clothed figures.

•A line is a mark made by a tool as it is drawn across a surface.
•The tool can be almost anything such as a pencil, a pointed brush, a computer and mouse, even a cotton swab.
•Also, a line is defined as a moving dot or point, or can be called an open path.

Shape

A shape is an enclosed two-dimensional area distinguished from its surroundings. Notice the geometric shapes that are formed by the edges of objects and figures in this painting. 

The stance of the soldier on the left forms a triangle, as does the seated woman on the right. The column on the right and the space between the column and the wall form polygons.

•The general outline of something is a shape, also defined as a closed form or closed path. It is a 2-dimensional line with no form or thickness.

Value

Value refers to the relative lightness or darkness of pigments. This black and white (also called gray-scale  image) of the painting shows the range of values the artist used to create this work. 

The light values in the soldier's cloak and the swords and the dark values in the background are clearly visible.

•Value describes the lightness or darkness of a visual element.

Color

Frequently it is the colors in a painting that first attract your attention. I have used red in the cloak and tunic of two figures in this painting to direct your eyes to the most important figures. The reds seem even brighter because of the browns, tans and grays that surround them.

•Diagram/additive color system
–When working with light, the three primaries are red, green, and blue.
–Primaries are also called the additive primaries because, when added together, they create white light.
–The color system of white light is called the additive color system.

Texture 

The actual surface of this painting is relatively smooth. It has little texture.

•The tactile quality of a surface or the representation of such a surface quality is a texture.
–Tactile textures are real; we can actually feel their surfaces with our fingers.
–Visual textures are illusionary; they simply give the impression of real textures.

Pattern

•Pattern can be defined as a repetitive arrangement of elements, like a wrapping paper design or a plaid shirt.

Balance

Balance is a key feature in designing. You have to equally distribute the weight of your project.A balanced composition can be symmetric or asymmetric.

An Asymmetrical picture

When you arrange dissimilar or unequal elements of equal weight on the page, it is called asymmetry.

A Symmetric picture

This image has symmetrical balance because it contains objects of the same weight and size on each side. One side of the woman in the picture is mirrored on the other side.

Emphasis

The arrangement of visual elements giving stress or importance to some visual elements.

• Information to be gleaned easily.
• The graphic design to be easily received.
• The part of a design that is most accentuated.

How to create emphasis:

• Use a series of evenly spaced, square photographs next to an outlined photograph with an unusual shape. 
• Put an important piece of text on a curve or an angle while keeping all of the other type in straight columns. 
• Use bold, black type for headings and subheads and much lighter text for all other text. 
• Place a large picture next to a small bit of text. 
• Reverse (use white type) a headline out of a black or colored box. 
• Use colored type or an unusual font for the most important information. 
• Put lists you want to highlight in a sidebar in a shaded box.

Example of emphasis picture

Chapter 1 & 2 - A Walkthrough Into Computer Graphics

So What is Computer Graphics ?

Computer graphics are graphics created using computers and the representation of image data by a computer specifically with help from specialized graphic hardware and software. Even thought computer graphic is a vast area of work line, it also can be categorize into mainly 8 different types of design methods.

-Information design

-Identity design

-Promotional design

-Branding

-Publication design

-Advertisement design

-Environmental design

-Media design

There are 5 essential component for a graphic design solution:

Strategy

The strategy is the master plan, a starting point to determine several key factors, such as:

• The problem to solve
• Objectives
• Target Audience
• Brand positioning

Concept

The design concept is the creative solution to the design problem

• The underlying thinking or reasoning
• For how you design a piece 
• The primary idea behind the piece.

Design

Designing demands of a concept

• Conceptualization and visualization
• The integration of the concept and visual elements

Execution

The fulfillment of the concept through physical processes that include selection and manipulation of materials and/or software.

Production

Finally, manufacturing all the components into a meaningful design.


Solving a Design Problem: Process and Phases

•Step 1: Understand the problem.
             –Fully understand the assignment and the goal.

 
•Step 2: Gather information.
            –Information gathering is essential. 

•Step 3: Think by sketching (and writing). 

•Step 4: Choose your best thumbnail sketches and turn them into roughs. 

•Step 5: Choose your best roughs and turn them into comps. 

•Step 6. Production

Game Project : Bunneh vs Monster (Pre-Alpha-Demo)

                                  https://www.dropbox.com/sh/0rlpaui3er59lmo/Kstkw_6fhC

Hello guys, this is my final year project. This game project is made using a game engine called Unity. Keep in mind that this is still an alpha game demo so there will be many bugs and the final version will have many changes in it. So please give any feedback to the game and have a nice day .

Kinetic Text Assignment

Chapter 14: Digital Video Data Sizing

Digital Video Data Sizing

Data sizing is used for calculating the size of a video or movie. There a some calculation needed to be done before you can determine the size of a data. In order to calculate the size of a video, you must calculate the picture/frame rate of the video and the audio size.



Calculating the File Size of an Uncompressed Digital Video

The formula is as follows

• Raw video data size = frame size (width X height) * frame rate (fps) * colour depth (in bytes) * time (in  seconds)

            

           8 bits                   = 1 byte

           1 kilo(bit/byte)     = 1,024 (bits/bytes)

           1 mega(bit/bytes) = 1,048,576 (bits/bytes)

           1 giga(bit/bytes)   = 1,073,741,824 (bits/bytes)

Calculating the File Size of an Uncompressed Audio File

The formula is as follows

         8-bit mono                      Seconds x kHz = Size

         16 - bit mono                  (Seconds x kHz) x 2 = Size

         8 - bit stereo                   (Seconds x kHz) x 2 = Size

         16 - bit stereo                 ([Seconds x kHz] x 2) x 2 = Size

         16 - bit 5.1                     ([Seconds x kHz] x 2) x 6 = Size

Eg. The file size for a 30 seconds of 16-bit, 11kHz mono audio is: (30 X 11) X 2 = 660KB

Factors to consider when selecting graphics to be used in a multimedia project

1. Purpose
2. Quality 
3. Cost