Chapter 13 : Brushing and Blending Tools

Brushing and Blending Tools

Clone Stamp Tool

The clone stamp tool is probably the most tedious tool in Photoshop, but at the same time may be one of the most important tools. When restoring old photos it is indispensable. It is used for copying (or “cloning”) one part of a picture to another. The clone tool is useful for the following purposes:

          • Fixing defects in photographs (dust, scratches, tears, stains, vignetting, etc.)
          • Removing unwanted items from a picture (phone wires, trash, mother-in-law)
          • Artistic effects

The clone tool is selected from the tool bar with the symbol shown below. To use the clone tool a source and destination point are selected. The source is defined by typing ALT and clicking with the mouse. Once the source has been defined, the image is copied by clicking with the mouse. 

Healing Brush Tool

• This will let you correct imperfections.
• The "Healing Brush Tool" is like the clone tool except the Healing Brush will match the texture,lighting, and shades of the sampled area to the source area. 
• The result of the repair makes the whole image blend together.

Patch Tool

The Patch Tool retouches image using sampled pixels or pattern. It works as a combination of the Healing Brush with the Lasso Tool: 

There are 2 methods to retouch using sampled pixels.

Method 1:

1. In the Toolbox, select the Patch Tool.
2. Drag in (select) a damaged area with the Patch Tool**(exactly like with Lasso Tool)
3. On the Options bar, choose the Source mode.
4. Drag the selection (cursor inside the selection) onto a repair-source area (movie).

Method 2:

1. Drag in a repair-source area with the Patch Tool*.
2. On the Options bar, choose the Destination mode.
3. Drag the selection (cursor inside of selection) onto a damaged area (movie).

To retouch with a pattern, use Method 3:

1. Drag in a damaged area with the Patch Tool*.
2. In the Pattern picker, choose a pattern (movie).
3. Click the Use Pattern button on the Options bar.

The picture we edited in class

Chapter 12: Using Windows Movie Maker

Broadcast Video Standards

1. NTSC (National Television Standards Committee)

• 525 lines/60Hz 
• This standard is used primarily in North America, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan. 

2. PAL (Phase Alternate Line)

• 625 lines/50Hz 
• This standard is used primarily in Europe, Asia, and Southern Africa. 

3. SECAM (Systeme Electronique Couleur Avec Memoire)

• 625 lines/50Hz 
• This standard is used primarily in France, parts of Middle East, and Russia.

This is a tutorial video on how to use Movie Maker Software

Chapter 11: Drawing Shapes

Drawing Shapes

There are three different types of shapes can be created with shape tools

• Clipping mask is a shape that acts like a cookie cutter. 
• Path shape is like the paths created with the pen tool. 
• Fill shape is created with pixels.

The is also custom shape

• Instead of making our own shape, photoshop also provided a lot of custom made shapes that can be used as a shape

Chapter 9 & 10: Text

Text

All text are vectors and Photoshop type also produce vectors. Vectors are composed of lines and points.


Type Tools 
•Point text is created by clicking on the image and typing (Click & Type)
•A Text box is created by clicking and dragging to add a text box to the image. (Click & Drag)
•To add type, click on the image with the Type tool

• Type at the insertion point 
• A new type layer is created

Type Layers

•When type layers are linked, they can be moved as one layer
•Type layers can be merged or combined into one layer
•Flattening or merging layers containing type will rasterize the type
•Rasterized type is not editable
•It is always a good idea to save a copy of the file in PSD format to preserve all data

Distorting Type

•Adjusting the space between letters is called kerning.
•The overall letterspacing of words or strings of words is called tracking.
•The overall spacing between lines in a paragraph is called leading.
•The Warp Text dialog box contains 15 options for creating special text effects.
•Warping text allows you to fit text to specific design problems.

Using Text as a Clipping Mask

•A type mask can be used to add a gradient fill to text.
•The type mask is a selection in the shape of type that can be filled.

                                                                             

                                                                   Example

Chapter 8 : Filters and Effects

Effects and Filters

      Filters are easy to learn and use, and yet are one of Photoshop’s most powerful features. When used properly, they can recreate a number of photographic and artistic effects, can enhance the quality of your images, and can even distort them in ways which would otherwise be very tedious and time-consuming.Each filter produces its own unique effect, which you can adjust and manipulate before it is applied. Also, a filter may be applied even after another has been used, with the end result being a combination of the two filters used. The order that you apply the filters has an effect on what the end result looks like; for example, running Add Noise followed by Blur will give you a blurry image with fuzzy dots on it, whereas the reverse combination would give a blurry image with sharp dots. Since filters can be used in any order, and each has its own controls, there is practically no limit to the different ways in which you can apply and combine them.

Examples of Effect and Filter

                                                          Artistic Effects Applied

Blur Effects Applied

Brush Stroke Effect Applied

Render Effects Applied

Distort Effects Applied

Sketch Effects Applied

Chapter 6 & 7 : Working With Layers and Layer Styles

Layers

What is a layer ?

• In the program you can stack, merge or define layers when creating a digital image. Layers can be partially obscured allowing portions of images within a layer to be hidden or shown in a translucent manner within another image, or you can use layers to combine two or more images into a single digital image. For the purpose of editing, working with layers allows you to go back and make changes within a layer as you work.

Layer Style

       The layers palette shows you the stacking order of the various layers in your document along with a thumbnail to help you identify each layer at a glance. As mentioned previously, only a single layer can be edited at one time. The active layer will be highlighted in your layers palette.In addition, the active layer will have a paintbrush symbol in the small square just left of the thumbnail. Double-clicking on a layer in the palette gives you access to layer styles, as well as some advanced blending options that we will not be discussing in this course. Unlike previous versions, renaming a layer in Photoshop requires you to Alt/Option double click on the layer name.

You'll also notice a small eye icon for each layer. Clicking on this icon lets you toggle the layer visibility on and off.

To link layers to the currently active layer, you would click in the second square (left of the thumbnail) in the layers palette. A link icon will appear in the space to indicate that the layers are linked.

Now take a look at the bottom row of buttons on the layers palette. These icons allow you to (left to right) work with layer effects, add a layer mask, group layers into sets, create adjustment layers, create a new ordinary layer, and delete layers.

Below the blend mode and opacity controls, you have a series of checkboxes for locking various editing functions. From left to right the lock can be applied to:

• transparency,
• image pixels,
• position, and
• all of the above.

When any of the locks are activated, you will see a small lock icon appear to the right of the layer in the layers palette. When all locks are activated, the lock icon will turn solid. You'll notice the background layer always has its transparency and position locked. This cannot be changed without promoting the background to a layer.

• The transparency lock allows you to edit on a layer without changing the transparency level of the pixels in that layer.

• The image pixels lock disables all painting tools for that layer. You can still move and transform the layer contents, adjust opacity settings, and change blend modes, but you cannot paint directly on it.

• The position lock is self explanatory. You can't move or transform a layer that has its position locked, but you can still paint on it, apply layer effects, and change blend modes.

• And if you hadn't guessed already, the last lock is the same as selecting all three locks.

A picture that i have edited during the class 

Chapter 4 & 5 Multimedia

Chapter 4 & 5: Making and Manipulating Selections

Manipulating Selections

Selections can be manipulated in a number of ways. After making an initial selection you can make an additional selection that can be added to, subtracted from, or intersected with the original. A selection marquee can be transformed in terms of its size, position, rotation, skew, and perspective.

New Selection

Unless you specify otherwise, every new selection will replace a previous selection. Let's say you create a selection with the Marquee tool and release the mouse button. If you so much as click again on the image with a selection tool, Photoshop assumes you want to draw a new selection and the old one will be removed. This is because the Selection Options are set to New Selection as the default behaviour.

Add to Selection

You may want to isolate more than one area of the image for modifications or select multiple areas with different colours. In the example at right, the Magic Wand tool was used to make the selections.

1. Make the first selection.
2. Click on the Add to Selection button in the Selection Options. The selection cursor will now display a small plus sign.
3. Make the second selection.

                                                       



Subtract from Selection

As you're fine-tuning a selection, you may want to remove areas from the selection. The process is exactly the same as before but you click the Subtract from Selection button before starting your next selection. The selection cursor will display a small minus sign.

Intersect With Selection

The last button in the Selection Options is called Intersect with Selection. This option compares the two selections and the resulting selection will contain only those areas that were common to both selections. After you draw your first selection, press the Intersect with Selection button and the selection cursor will display a small X sign. Then draw the second selection.

Remember that these add, subtract, and intersect options work for all the selection tools: Marquee, Quick Selection, Magic Wand and the Lasso tool variations. You can switch tools between one operation and another.

Lasso Tools: The lasso tools are great for making more complicated or irregular selections. The three tools in this group are the Lasso Tool (freehand selections), the Polygonal Lasso (shapes with straight edges)and the Magnetic Lasso (automatically finds the strongest edge of an image).

The Magic Wand is a "shortcut" tool that makes selections based on color.

Transforming Selections

Once a selection has been made you can scale it, rotate it, skew it or apply perspective to its shape. Transforming a selection does not affect the underlying pixels. This just helps you to modify or reshape your selections. Here are some example of Transforming Selections

• Horizontal Scale            
• Vertical Scale                 
• Scale                             
• Rotate                            
• Move Reference Point     
• Skew                              
• Perspective                     

A Picture that we edited in class for this lesson